Cairns is a coastal city in Far North Queensland, Australia. The area is known by the traditional owners, in the local Yidinji language as Gimuy. However, in colonial history, the city was discovered by the English in 1876 and named after Sir William Wellington Cairns. Today the city is the 5th biggest in Queensland, and 14th in Australia.
If one were asked what Cairns is best known for, the first two things mentioned would be the Great Barrier Reef and the Tropical Heritage Listed Rainforest.
Cairns Pronunciation
How do you pronounce Cairns?
Locals pronounce it the same as cans.
Where is Cairns in Australia?
Cairns is a coastal city, located on the eastern coast of the Cape York Peninsula. It sits approximately 1,700 kilometres (1,056 miles) north of Brisbane, the state capital of Queensland, and 2,420 kilometres (1,504 miles) northeast of Sydney. Cairns faces the Coral Sea, making it a gateway to two World Heritage Sites: the Great Barrier Reef and the Wet Tropics Rainforest.
Known for its tropical climate, Cairns is a popular destination for tourists seeking marine activities, rainforest exploration, and cultural experiences with the local Indigenous communities.
Where is Cairns on the Map?
What to do in Cairns?
There is a lot to do in Cairns, especially if you are interested in the arts, the environment or relaxing on the Cairns Esplanade.
Arts and Recreation
The city has many tropical gardens and parks. However, it also has a vibrant arts scene, with the Tanks Arts Centre and the Art Gallery.
Cairns Art Gallery in the heart of the CBD displays exhibitions from contemporary through to classic styles and offering a variety of classes for both adults and children.
NorthSite offers a cache of homewares, jewellery, fashion and artworks. Chic and cutting edge, it’s a strong person who walks out empty-handed. In addition you can find more contemporary works at the artist-owned Underart Gallery and an eclectic calendar of exhibitions at Bulmba-ja arts centre.
Cairns is a great city to enjoy. While public transport remains a ‘work in progress’, the region has developed a pedestrian and cycle network for all to enjoy. There are also numerous bush trails that are popular with walkers and mountain bike riders.
Cairns Aquarium
The Cairns Aquarium has been developed to provide a world-class venue for seeing and interacting with the incredible plants, animals, and habitats found only in Australia’s Wet Tropics.
Cairns Aquarium
Cairns Esplanade
The section of the Cairns waterfront known as the Esplanade, stretches from Fogarty Park in the south all the way past the Hospital in Cairns North.
The local council has added sand to the northern end of the Esplanade, which they replenish from time to time. However, the mudflats remain as distinctive as ever.
Along the Esplanade there are green expanses, as well as many picnic benches, BBQs, exercise equipment and even a skate park. Indeed there have been numerous improvements to the Esplanade over the years.
However, the most significant and well patronised of all improvement to the area is the Lagoon. As a result, the lagoon is popular with locals and tourists alike and has good disability access located at the southern end of the facility.
Cairns Climate
This tropical city experiences torrential downpours and high humidity during the summer. Consequently, part of the city is flood prone and highly vulnerable to sea-level rise from climate change.
The city is a popular base for tourists to visit the region. Indeed the region is home to the Daintree Rainforest and the Great Barrier Reef.
Wildlife in the area include taipans (a deadly snake) and crocodiles, so be careful where you wander. After all, you would not like to come into contact with either of these nasty customers.
Cairns Time
Current time zone for Cairns, Australia is AEST, whose offset is GMT+10. Cairns does not observe Daylight Savings Time.
Tropical Gardens
Located in the heart of the tropics, the area has many beautiful gardens. The Cairns Botanical Gardens is certainly worth a visit as is the nearby Centenary Lakes precinct.
It is possible to grow many tropical fruits and vegetables in Cairns. Indeed, the city is the tropical gardening capital of Northern Australia. Some European vegetables will only grow during the winter or dry season, but there are many interesting tropical fruits and tropical vegetables that thrive all year around.
History
Cairns was established in 1876 to service the goldfields of Far North Queensland by providing a port to transport goods to and from the region.
The CBD is on the flat western shores of Trinity Inlet, where deep water provides a safe anchorage for ships.
Here we link to a number of pages and posts concerning Cairns history. Consequently this includes the history of European invasion, class struggle and the politics of the town. Indeed, looked at collectively, the images we have posted constitute a pictorial history. Hence, some of these images create feelings of dispossession for some and feelings of warmness and nostalgia for others.
All About Cairns First People and Diversity
Cairns or Gimuy is the home of the Yidinji people. Indeed, the Yidinji are the traditional owners of the land from the Barron River to the south, including the southern suburbs. Today the city is home to not just the Yidinji, but many people from Australia’s two oldest cultures (Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people).
Gimuy is also home to many new arrivals from overseas. Indeed Cairns was known from the start for the influx of a diverse range of migrants that settled in the area largely due to the initial discovery of mineral wealth and subsequently due to developing industries.
Most recently this includes members of refugee communities from around the world, including Bhutan and Africa. 22.3% of the population was born overseas compared to 18.4% born in Regional QLD.
Cairns Hiking
Cairns lies on a narrow coastal plain at the base of the Great Dividing Range, specifically the Whitfield Range and the Lamb Range. Consequently, there are many beautiful trails for hikers to enjoy, including Glacier Rock, just 10 minutes from the CBD.
As with most modern cities, there are a number of areas in Cairns. These include South, West, North and Central. Furthermore, there are a number of suburbs within these areas and we have attempted to cover them all extensively. You will see links at the bottom of this page.
In terms of geographical features, we look at some of the creeks and waterways. We also look at other local parks and precincts and we hope you find our coverage of interest. In addition we provide many other useful facts, with everything from the city’s parks and waterways to postcodes, latitude and longitude.
Population of Cairns 2024
The current population is 175,000 people. The city is growing quickly, particularly in the south. Consequently, the council has prepared a priority infrastructure plan for the new area of Mount Peter, which is one of the fastest growing areas in regional Australia.
Climate change has emerged as the cities greatest challenge. The city experiences torrential downpours every wet season. When these are combined with sea level rise and storm surge, the city is highly vulnerable to flooding.
Like many cities Cairns has developed a ‘retreat or defend’ policy. This involves assessing low-lying areas and deciding whether to defend them (using engineering solutions such as levies) or to simply abandon them.
The Council has developed a coastal hazard adaption plan and a detailed climate policy. In this plan council has committed to zero net emissions by 2030.
Places to visit in Cairns for free
Cairns, located in Far North Queensland, is a vibrant city offering a variety of free activities that showcase its natural beauty, cultural heritage, and community spirit. Whether you’re a local or a visitor, here are some great things to do in Cairns for free:
Cairns Esplanade and Lagoon Cairns Esplanade: Enjoy a leisurely walk or bike ride along the picturesque Esplanade. This waterfront promenade offers stunning views of the Coral Sea, public artworks, and recreational facilities. Cairns Lagoon: Swim and relax at the Lagoon, a large, free public swimming pool situated on the Esplanade. It’s safe, well-maintained, and perfect for cooling off.
Cairns Botanic Gardens Explore the lush Cairns Botanic Gardens, which feature a diverse range of tropical plants, themed gardens, and walking trails. Highlights include the Flecker Garden, the Rainforest Boardwalk, and the Centenary Lakes.
Mount Whitfield Conservation Park Hike the trails at Mount Whitfield Conservation Park, which offers scenic walks through tropical rainforest and stunning views over Cairns and the Coral Sea. The Red Arrow and Blue Arrow tracks are popular choices.
Rusty’s Market Visit Rusty’s Market (Friday to Sunday) to experience the vibrant atmosphere, browse fresh local produce, and enjoy the lively community vibe. Even if you don’t buy anything, it’s a great place to soak up the local culture.
Cairns Art Gallery Explore the Cairns Art Gallery, which hosts a variety of free exhibitions showcasing local, national, and international artists. The gallery is housed in a beautiful heritage building in the city center.
Muddy’s Playground If you’re traveling with children, Muddy’s Playground on the Esplanade is a fantastic free spot. It features water play areas, climbing frames, and plenty of shaded spots for picnics.
Cairns Night Markets Wander through the Night Markets, open every evening. While purchasing items costs money, browsing the stalls and enjoying the vibrant atmosphere is free. There are often free entertainment and street performers as well.
Beach Day at Holloways Beach Spend a day at Holloways Beach, a short drive from Cairns. It’s a quieter beach compared to others, perfect for a relaxing day by the sea with free parking available.
Crystal Cascades Visit Crystal Cascades, a series of freshwater swimming holes and waterfalls located in a rainforest setting. It’s a beautiful spot for swimming, picnicking, and enjoying nature.
Goomboora Park Enjoy the expansive Goomboora Park, which offers large open spaces, a playground, walking and cycling tracks, and BBQ facilities. It’s a great place for families and groups.
Red Arrow Walking Track Take the Red Arrow Walking Track, a popular short hike that provides panoramic views of Cairns, Trinity Inlet, and the surrounding mountains. It’s a great way to get some exercise and enjoy the natural beauty.
Free Fitness Classes on the Esplanade Participate in free fitness classes offered on the Esplanade, including yoga, Zumba, and pilates. Check the Cairns Regional Council website for the latest schedule.
Visit St Monica’s Cathedral Admire the stunning stained-glass windows at St Monica’s Cathedral, known for its beautiful “Creation Windows” depicting the creation story.
Explore Cairns Libraries Visit the Cairns City Library for a quiet place to read, access free Wi-Fi, and enjoy various community events and exhibitions.
Lookouts and Scenic Drives Drive to some of the local lookouts for breathtaking views of the city and the surrounding areas. Popular spots include the Copperlode Dam lookout and the Kuranda Range lookout.
Cairns offers a wealth of free activities that allow you to enjoy its natural beauty, cultural sites, and community events without spending a dime. From exploring lush gardens and hiking trails to enjoying the vibrant Esplanade and swimming in the lagoon, there’s something for everyone to enjoy for free in this tropical paradise.
Cairns Accommodation
Cairns offers a wide range of accommodation options, catering to all budgets and preferences. Here’s a quick overview:
1. Budget and Backpacker Hostels
Cairns is popular among backpackers, with many affordable hostels located near the city centre. Options include Gilligan’s Backpacker Hotel & Resort, Global Backpackers, and Mad Monkey Backpackers Village, which offer dormitories, private rooms, and social spaces.
2. Holiday Apartments and Airbnb
Self-contained apartments and Airbnb rentals are popular with families and longer-stay visitors. Many are located along the coast, providing options with kitchens, laundry facilities, and multiple rooms. Look for apartments in areas like the Esplanade, Edge Hill, and Palm Cove for proximity to attractions and beaches.
3. Eco-Lodges and Rainforest Retreats
For those interested in nature-focused stays, eco-lodges near the Daintree Rainforest or Kuranda offer a more immersive experience. Options include Silky Oaks Lodge and Daintree Ecolodge, with unique rainforest views and environmentally conscious practices.
4. Camping and Caravan Parks
There are several campgrounds and caravan parks in and around Cairns, such as Cairns Holiday Park and BIG4 Crystal Cascades Holiday Park, ideal for traveler’s looking to explore the outdoors with budget-friendly accommodation.
Each option offers distinct benefits based on proximity to key attractions like the Great Barrier Reef and the Wet Tropics Rainforest. For booking and availability, websites like Booking.com, Airbnb, and TripAdvisor provide a wide array of reviews and price comparisons.
Cairns Hotels
Cairns has a variety of beachfront resorts, luxury hotels, and boutique accommodations. High-end options often include pools, ocean views, and proximity to the Esplanade. Some popular luxury stays include Shangri-La The Marina, Crystal-brook Riley, and Pullman International.
Cairns Central
Central Cairns for our purposes includes the CBD and the nearby suburbs of Portsmith, Bungalow and Parramatta Park.
